有研究表明,吸烟对精液质量的影响是多方面的。吸烟者在精液量体积、精子浓度、精子总数,向前运动率和其他激素水平方面均较非吸烟者低。
酗酒、熬夜等不良生活习惯也会显著降低精子浓度和精子活力。[7] 2.除了吸烟、酗酒和熬夜等不良生活习惯,肥胖也是导致男性不育的一个主要因素。[8]
建议成年男性进行每周 150 分钟以上中等强度的体育锻炼,尽量把 BMI(BMI=体重÷身高的平方)维持在正常范围内(18.5~23.9)。 3.高于 37 度的体温或环境温度会影响精子活力,所以高温职业、久坐、泡温泉等会到局部温度升高,降低精子质量。 4.一些有害化学物质(农药、化肥、洗涤剂、油漆、汽车尾气等)和药物,工作和生活中的压力,都会影响精子质量。
因此,处于生育期的男性要尽量避免长期处于高温环境,避免大量接触有害化学物质,不要随意滥用药物,设法降低精神压力。
对于部分男性,尤其是备孕中的男性来说,还是要戒烟戒酒、健康饮食和经常运动,注意保持良好的生活习惯。 参考文献:
[1] Evan W.et al. Transcription and mutational signatures of the Drosophila ageing germline [J].Nature Ecology & Evolution,2023(1)
[2] Hagai L.et al. Temporal trends in sperm count:a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th an 21st centuries [J].Human Reproduction Update,2022(11)
[3] Quenby S, Gallos ID, Dhillon-Smith RK, et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. Lancet. 2021;397(10285):1658-1667.
[4] du FosséNadia A, et al. Advanced paternalage is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: asystematic review and meta-analysis[J].Human Reproduction Update. 2020(5).
[5] Michael.E,et al. Association of paternal age with perinatal outcomes between 2007 and 2016 in the United States: population based cohort stud[J].British Medical Journal. 2018(10)
[6] Liang.G.L et al. microRNAs in aged sperm confer psychiatric symptoms to offspring through causing the dysfunction of estradiol signaling in early embryos[J]Cell Discovery.2022(7)
[7] 洪烈城. 男性精液质量的影响因素及其与精液微量元素锌、硒的关系研究[D].南方医科大学,2018.
[8] Jehan Abdulla. The Impact of Obesity on Male Reproductive Functions[J]. Journal of Medical and Health Studies,2022,3(4).